At CDC molecular detection of T. Acceptable specimen types are EDTA blood minimum of 2. Aa Systematic Review. JAMA American Journal of Transplantation. A systematic review of high quality diagnostic tests for Chagas disease.
The risk of needle-sticks should be seriously mitigated with all possible precautions; several symptomatic cases of laboratory-acquired T. Bern, C. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 24 4 , pp. Chagas disease. The Lancet, , pp. Treatment Information.
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Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. American Trypanosomiasis. Minus Related Pages. Life Cycle View Larger. Trypanosoma cruzi in thick blood smears stained with Giemsa. Trypansoma cruzi trypomastigotes are the only stage found in the blood of an infected person. Motile circulating trypomastigotes are readily seen on slides of fresh anticoagulated blood in acute infection but are rarely detectable by microscopy in chronic T.
A typical trypomastigote has a large, subterminal or terminal kinetoplast, a centrally located nucleus, an undulating membrane, and a flagellum running along the undulating membrane, leaving the body at the anterior end. Trypomastigotes may be seen in cerebrospinal fluid CSF in central nervous system infections; also the amastigote stage parasite may be seen in histopathology specimens from affected organs.
Figure A: T. Figure B: T. Figure C: T. Note the typical C-shape of the trypomastigote that characterizes T. Figure B: Three T. Note the more anterior location of the nucleus. Figure E: T. Trypomastigotes of T. In tissue, the parasite forms amastigotes characterized by a single nucleus and kinetoplast.
The amastigotes of T. Figure A: Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in heart tissue. Figure B: Higher magnification of Figure A. Figure C: Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in heart tissue. Figure D: Higher magnification of Figure C. Figure E: Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in heart tissue. Figure F: Higher magnification of Figure E. The amastigotes in this image appear to be transforming into trypomastigotes.
Chagas disease has two, successive phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase lasts weeks. Data on the prevalence and distribution of Chagas disease markedly improved in quality during the s, as a result of demographically representative, cross-sectional studies carried out in countries where no accurate information on these parameters was available. Experts had previously met in Brasilia, in , and devised standard protocols for carrying out country-wide studies not only on the prevalence of human infection with T.
Thanks to a co-ordinated programme in the southernmost countries of South America i.
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